Notes

1.

The beam charge must be specified via a CHARGE element somewhere upstream in the beamline. Unlike WAKE and TRWAKE, CWAKE has no deprecated charge parameter; omitting the CHARGE element is an error.

2.

The original WAKE and TRWAKE elements are unchanged and remain available. Existing input decks need no modification. However, users are encouraged to switch to CWAKE.

3.

Bunched-mode operation via BUNCHED_BEAM_MODE=1; see Section 6.

4.

When only the longitudinal channel is enabled, results are bit-identical to a stand-alone WAKE. Likewise for any single transverse channel and the corresponding stand-alone TRWAKE.

5.

When the longitudinal channel is combined with any transverse channel, CWAKE refreshes p_z from the post-longitudinal particle state before applying the transverse kicks, matching the behavior of stacked WAKE + TRWAKE elements where each subsequent TRWAKE recomputes p_z from the updated particles. A small residual (~ 10^-6 relative) remains when both dipole and quadrupole channels are present, because the baseline TRWAKE(quadrupole) sees a p_z that has been updated by the dipole kick, whereas CWAKE uses the same post-longitudinal p_z for all transverse channels.

6.

The CXCOLUMN/CYCOLUMN constant deflecting channels have no single-element counterpart in WAKE or TRWAKE, but they are equivalent to a TRWAKE element configured with all four X_DRIVE_EXPONENT, Y_DRIVE_EXPONENT, X_PROBE_EXPONENT, and Y_PROBE_EXPONENT set to zero.

7.

The wake-function file must satisfy the same conventions as WAKE/TRWAKE: time column in seconds, monotonic equal spacing, wake samples in V∕C (longitudinal and constant channels), V∕C∕m (dipole), or V∕C∕m² (quadrupole).